Pathologic findings on ruminant enteric clostridial diseases reveal specificities and differences among iota and iota-like toxins

The iota toxin (ITX) is a binary enterotoxin produced as protoxin by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) type E that activated proteolytic enzymes in the small intestine of infected animals. By depolymerization actin filaments, ITX causes cytoskeleton disorganization cells promoting increase cell permeability. Here, we conducted this review aiming to advance understanding enteric clostridial diseases caused C. toxins and specificity intestinal mucosa lesions. consists an enzymatic component (Ia) binding (Ib). We screened recently published histological findings effects its relationship with diseases. Histologically, hemorrhagic necrosis multifocal hemorrhage have been observed jejunum-ileum mucosa, intestine, abomasum. Although diagnosis still based on presence contents clinical and/or history, it important develop novel enterotoxemic indicators capable establishing precise methods for differentiate actions other involved infectious process E.